下面我将为你提供一个全面的议论文写作指南，包括结构、技巧、常用模板和一篇完整的范文,希望能帮助你掌握议论文的写作。

Part 1: 议论文的核心结构

标准的英语议论文通常遵循一个清晰的结构，就像汉堡一样，有“上下两层面包”和中间的“馅料”。

引言段 - 上层面包

• 目的： 吸引读者，引出话题，明确提出你的中心论点。
• 结构：
  • 引子: 用一个有趣的开头，如一个普遍现象、一个引人深思的问题、一个名言或一个简短的故事。
  • 背景信息: 简要介绍话题的背景,让读者了解你将要讨论的是什么。
  • 中心论点: 在段落的最后一句，清晰地陈述你的观点,这是整篇文章的灵魂。

主体段 - 馅料 一篇议论文通常有2-3个主体段,每个段落支持一个分论点。

• 目的： 为中心论点提供证据和理由。
• 结构（每个主体段都应遵循）：
  • 主题句: 段落的第一句,清晰地陈述本段的分论点。
  • 解释/阐述: 用你自己的话解释主题句的含义。
  • 论据/证据: 提供具体的例子、数据、事实或专家观点来支持你的分论点。
  • 分析/连接: 解释你的论据如何支持你的分论点,并将其与中心论点联系起来。

结论段 - 下层面包

• 目的： 总结全文，重申观点,并给读者留下深刻印象。
• 结构：
  • 重申中心论点: 用不同的措辞再次强调你的主要观点。
  • 总结分论点: 简要回顾主体段中提到的几个主要理由。
  • 展望: 提出一个最终的思考、建议、预测或一个引人深思的问题,以结束全文。

Part 2: 写作技巧与常用句型

引言段常用句型

• 引出话题：
  • In recent years, the issue of... has sparked a heated debate. (近年来，……的问题引发了激烈的辩论。)
  • Nowadays, there is a growing concern about... (人们越来越关注……)
  • It is a common belief that... (人们普遍认为……)
• 提出观点：
  • From my perspective, I am convinced that... (在我看来，我坚信……)
  • I firmly believe that... (我坚信……)
  • This essay will argue that... (本文将论证……)

主体段常用句型

• 主题句：
  • First and foremost, ... (……)
  • Another significant point is that... (另一个重要的观点是……)
  • In addition, ... (……)
  • Last but not least, ... (最后但同样重要的是，……)
• 提供论据：
  • For instance, ... (……)
  • A case in point is... (一个恰当的例子是……)
  • According to a recent survey, ... (根据最近的一项调查，……)
  • This can be clearly illustrated by the fact that... (……这一事实可以清楚地说明这一点。)
• 分析连接：
  • This is because... (这是因为……)
  • Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that... (可以合理地得出结论……)
  • This evidence strongly supports the view that... (这一有力证据支持了……的观点。)

结论段常用句型

• 重申观点：
  • In conclusion, ... (……)
  • To sum up, ... (……)
  • All in all, ... (……)
• 总结分论点：
  • Taking all these factors into account, we can see that... (考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以看到……)
• 提出展望：
  • It is high time that we took action to... (现在是我们采取行动去……的时候了。)
  • Only by doing so can we... (只有这样我们才能……)
  • Looking ahead, it is crucial for us to... (展望未来，对我们来说至关重要。)

Part 3: 完整范文示例

Should students be required to wear school uniforms?**

(学生是否应该被要求穿校服？)

Introduction In the modern educational landscape, the debate over school uniforms is a persistent one. Some argue that uniforms stifle individuality, while others believe they foster a sense of community and discipline. From my perspective, I am convinced that requiring students to wear school uniforms is a beneficial policy that should be implemented in all educational institutions.

Body Paragraph 1 First and foremost, school uniforms promote a sense of equality and reduce social pressure among students. In schools without uniforms, students often feel pressured to wear the latest, most expensive brands of clothing to fit in or to avoid being judged by their peers. This creates a social hierarchy based on economic status, which can be detrimental to a student's self-esteem and focus on learning. For instance, a student from a low-income family might feel constant anxiety about not being able to afford fashionable clothes, leading to bullying and a negative school experience. By wearing the same uniform, all students are placed on an equal footing, allowing them to be judged for their character and abilities rather than their attire.

Body Paragraph 2 Furthermore, school uniforms significantly enhance the learning environment by fostering discipline and reducing distractions. When students are required to dress in a neat, prescribed manner, it sets a tone for seriousness and academic focus. A case in point is the fact that schools with uniform policies often report fewer disciplinary issues related to dress code violations and gang-related symbols. Moreover, the time and energy that students might otherwise spend on deciding what to wear each morning can be redirected towards their studies and extracurricular activities. This leads to a more productive and efficient school day for everyone.

Conclusion In conclusion, the advantages of mandatory school uniforms far outweigh the disadvantages. They not only promote equality and reduce social stratification but also cultivate a disciplined and focused atmosphere conducive to learning. While concerns about suppressing individuality are valid, the primary goal of school is education, and uniforms serve as a powerful tool to remove distractions and create a unified community. Therefore, it is a policy that schools should wholeheartedly embrace to ensure the best possible environment for student development.

Part 4: 写作步骤建议

1. 审题: 仔细阅读题目,确保你完全理解问题的要求。
2. 头脑风暴: 在草稿纸上快速写下所有与话题相关的想法、观点和例子。
3. 确定论点: 从你的想法中，选择一个最清晰、最有力的中心论点。
4. 列出大纲: 根据议论文结构，规划你的引言、主体段和结论,每个主体段写下一个分论点和支撑它的例子。
5. 撰写初稿: 按照大纲，用完整的句子和段落把文章写出来，不要担心语法错误,先把想法表达出来。
6. 检查与修改:
   • 论点是否清晰？论据是否充分？
   • 结构: 段落划分是否合理？过渡是否自然？
   • 语言: 检查语法、拼写和标点错误,尝试使用更丰富的词汇和句式。
7. 最终定稿: 完成所有修改后,誊写一篇干净整洁的最终稿。

希望这个详细的指南能对你有所帮助！多读、多练、多模仿,你一定能写出优秀的英语议论文。